Composition and Working Principle of a Crank Press
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A crank press is a mechanical press used for metal forming. It consists of a sturdy framework that supports various components essential for its operation. These components include a crankshaft, connecting rod, and slide that work collectively to transfer energy and enable the press to move in a reciprocating linear motion. The press also has a control system, transmission system, and power system to ensure smooth functioning. Additionally, it features auxiliary devices like lubrication systems, safety devices, counting devices, and air cushions for improved performance and safety.
1) Mechanical Body of the Press
The mechanical body of a crank press serves as the framework, withstands all the punching pressure, connects various components of the pneumatic press, and ensures the accuracy, strength, and rigidity required for the entire press. The workbench is fixed on the mechanical body to install the lower die.
2) Working Mechanism
The working mechanism of a crank press consists of a crankshaft, connecting rod, and slide. The motor transfers energy to the pulley through a V-belt, which is then transmitted to the crankshaft via the transmission shaft and gears. The connecting rod transfers the energy to the slide for reciprocating linear motion. The upper die of the mold is fixed on the slide. The pulley also functions as a flywheel, ensuring even load distribution and efficient energy utilization throughout the working cycle of the press.
3) Control System
The control system consists of a brake and clutch. The clutch is used to start and stop the press's action. The brake stops the slide at the desired position when the clutch is disengaged. The engagement and disengagement of the clutch, i.e., the pressing and releasing, are controlled by the control mechanism.
4) Transmission System
The transmission system includes pulley transmission and gear transmission mechanisms.
5) Power System
The power system comprises the motor and flywheel (pulley).
In addition to the above basic components, a crank press also includes various auxiliary devices such as lubrication systems, safety devices, counting devices, and air cushions.
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